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No kind words for September
The average high for yesterday (Sept 1) is 87. We beat the old record (107) with a high of 108. Yuck. I kept thinking "Just wait til September... just wait til September." Well, September, I have some special words for you, but I'm too much of a lady to type them in this public blog. Click on the image below to zoom in on our summer-of-fun. This particular data is from here in Manhattan.
This time of year can be marked by extremes. The record lows are in the 40's, but there have been triple digit record highs almost all through September. Wild mood swings.
Fungicide trial
This time of year can be marked by extremes. The record lows are in the 40's, but there have been triple digit record highs almost all through September. Wild mood swings.
Fungicide trial
This year my PhD student Ken Obasa and I have been conducting a fungicide study on the putting green looking at a couple of fungicide programs, and a new product called Velista which should be released soon. All treatments are applied every two weeks. Velista is tested at 0.3 and 0.5 oz/1000. Here are the programs:
Program 1:
10 May Honor 1.1 oz
2 June Insignia SC .7 oz
17 June Spectro 90 5.75 oz
30 June Signature + Daconil 4 oz + 3.2 oz
14 July Insignia SC .7 oz
28 July Signature + Daconil 4 oz + 3.2 oz
11 Aug Chipco 26GT 4 oz
25 Aug Honor 1.1 oz
Program 2:
19 May Headway 3 oz
2 June Heritage TL 2 oz
17 June Spectro 90 5.75 oz
30 June Signature + Daconil 4 + 3.2 oz
14 July Heritage TL 2 oz
28 July Signature + Daconil 4 oz + 3.2 oz
11 Aug Chipco 26GT 4 oz
25 Aug Headway3 oz
Program 3:
19 May Disarm M 1 oz
2 June Disarm .36 oz
17 June Spectro 90 5.75 oz
30 June Signature + Daconil 4 + 3.2 oz
14 July Disarm .36 oz
28 July Signature + Daconil 4 + 3.2 oz
11 Aug Chipco 26GT 4 oz
25 Aug Disarm M 1 oz
Program 4:
19 May Tartan 2 oz
2 June Compass .25 oz
17 June Spectro 90 5.75 oz
30 June Signature + Daconil 4 + 3.2 oz
14 July Compass .25 oz
28 July Signature + Daconil 4 + 3.2 oz
11 Aug Chipco 26GT 4 oz
25 Aug Tartan 2 oz
We had a severe brown patch epidemic in early/mid August, and brown patch reached about 40% severity in the untreated plots. All the programs and the two Velista treatments held the disease to 0%.
Dollar spot pressure has been fairly low but with cooler temperatures I suspect it will flare up in the next week or two and probably though most of September. I’ll post some details later on.
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Sun, Ice, and Climatological Normals
Since my last post I've been to England and the UAE, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, and Japan. I've seen most grass types but not many diseases; a bit of fairy ring, some dollar spot, slime mold, and Curvularia. What I have seen is a lot of variability in the weather, and especially in Asia I have seen the typical cloud cover, rain, and associated low sunshine hours that are so widespread during these months of the year.
When we look at the factors that influence turfgrass growth, we can identify nutrient status, water status, temperature, and light as being the primary factors. But with drainage, supplemental irrigation, and fertilization, turfgrass managers are able to control the nutrient and water factors, at least in theory, which leaves just temperature and light as the factors influencing growth. I find it useful to look at the climatological normal data, as seen in the chart below for August, or in this interactive chart with data for the entire year, to evaluate how the temperature and sunlight may influence turfgrass growth at a particular location.
Zoysiagrass outperforms seashore paspalum and bermudagrass in low-light conditions, both in the research setting and in the field throughout Asia. In tropical Southeast Asia, where the temperature remains relatively constant throughout the year at an optimum level for warm-season turfgrass growth, it is the light factor that controls the growth of the grass. Zoysia is especially well-suited to that environment.
An environment that creeping bentgrass is not well-suited to is the summer in Japan; a place like Osaka (where bentgrass is almost universally used on putting greens) is hotter during August than cities such as Singapore, Honolulu, and New Orleans. I've been making some measurements of the changes that take place in surface temperature and soil temperature when ice or ice water are applied to creeping bentgrass greens in Japan. I've been surprised at the persistence in soil cooling from the melted ice, although clouds and rain have moved in this week and I've been unable to continue these experiments.
Is it Starting to Feel Like Groundhog Day?
So I bet many of you in the south are feeling like Bill Murray in the 1993 movie “Groundhog Day”. I know I am. Everyday we look at turfgrass samples with the same problem. Heat-related stress and decline and severe nematode populations! Many superintendents that I have spoken to are getting as frustrated as me. This heat is getting old. We are now sitting at 45 days above 100F here in Stillwater. In the Oklahoma City area they are knocking on the all-time record of 50 days! Everyday the same thing…
The OSU Turfgrass Diagnostic Laboratory has churned
through a bunch of creeping bentgrass putting green samples in the last couple of weeks. The large bulk of samples have extremely short root systems. The heat has really taken its toll on creeping bentgrass in much of the south central U.S. Throw in some nematodes damaging what roots are left and we have a lot of turfgrass in serious decline. Very high populations of stunt (Tylenchorhynchus spp.) and ring (Criconemella ornata) nematodes have been observed in many of the samples submitted. We have seen populations of stunt nematodes as high as 4,000 individuals in 100 cc of soil. This is about 26 times the threshold we consider the “danger zone” on creeping bentgrass. Ring nematode populations have been coming in as high as 2,000 individuals per 100 cc soil, which is a
bout four times the “danger zone” population level. So as you can see, things are getting tough here at the end of the summer in the south. Many are praying for cooler weather and rain. Although, those that have gotten rain have been struggling with wet greens and hot weather, which makes for a whole different set of hurdles.
Other issues in the diagnostic lab have been few and far between, but we did have one sample with Pythium root rot. This was an odd situation where the greens got dry and severe wilt began. To compensate the newly hired assistant superintendent turned the irrigation system on and severely over-irrigated multiple times. When you have lots of soil moisture and high temperatures in the rooting zone, Pythium root rot can help finish off the already declining plants. So while, not the initial cause of the problem, we did identify something other than nematodes. In our research plots, brown patch has also been active and dollar spot comes and goes pretty much as the humid weather comes and goes.
The long-term forecast is showing cooler temperatures, if we can just get through this weekend. As Dr. Kaminski has said in a previous post “there is light at the end of the tunnel.” So keep your head up and your fingers crossed for cooler temperatures, I think we will be there soon!
Greetings from Canada
Hello there! My name is Katerina Jordan and I am a turfgrass scientist at the University of Guelph in Ontario. I was asked to be a part of this blog and am posting a brief introduction for those of you who don’t know me.
Most of Canada has a much shorter season than in the States, but our superintendents are no strangers to a wide variety of diseases on their turf. This season has been a tough one for managers here in Ontario as we experienced a cool, wet spring followed by some of the hottest temperatures on record combined with prolonged periods of drought. Many turfgrass managers in the U.S. are used to excess heat and drought, but for most of Canada this kind of summer is very foreign to us. On the up side, the lack of moisture has kept a number of diseases at bay, but the turf (epecially the Poa annua) is suffering quite a bit from the prolonged stress. Fortunately, we are headed into the end of our summer as temperatures start to drop significantly by mid-August.
Major issues that we deal with here are dollar spot and anthracnose throughout the country, take-all patch and summer patch in Ontario as well as some of our prairie provinces (Alberta and Saskatchewan) due to very high soil pH levels, and plant-parasitic nematodes in British Columbia, the eastern provinces and here in Ontario. However, the diseases that we deal with the most in the colder provinces are the snow molds – both gray and pink.
I look forward to updating readers to goings on here in Canada based on discussions with superintendents and from the samples we receive in our diagnostic lab.
Good luck with the rest of the season!
Most of Canada has a much shorter season than in the States, but our superintendents are no strangers to a wide variety of diseases on their turf. This season has been a tough one for managers here in Ontario as we experienced a cool, wet spring followed by some of the hottest temperatures on record combined with prolonged periods of drought. Many turfgrass managers in the U.S. are used to excess heat and drought, but for most of Canada this kind of summer is very foreign to us. On the up side, the lack of moisture has kept a number of diseases at bay, but the turf (epecially the Poa annua) is suffering quite a bit from the prolonged stress. Fortunately, we are headed into the end of our summer as temperatures start to drop significantly by mid-August.
Major issues that we deal with here are dollar spot and anthracnose throughout the country, take-all patch and summer patch in Ontario as well as some of our prairie provinces (Alberta and Saskatchewan) due to very high soil pH levels, and plant-parasitic nematodes in British Columbia, the eastern provinces and here in Ontario. However, the diseases that we deal with the most in the colder provinces are the snow molds – both gray and pink.
I look forward to updating readers to goings on here in Canada based on discussions with superintendents and from the samples we receive in our diagnostic lab.
Good luck with the rest of the season!
